In the depth of this article, the detailed explanation of the track. Numerical simulation of aerodynamic drag of single high. Five major systemsincluding the theoretical system, the design system, the evaluation system, the protection system and the experimental platform systemhave been established see fig. Because the front tip of a highspeed train has a high pressure area and because a stagnation point occurs in the center of this region, the pressure of the stagnation point is equal to the dynamic pressure of the sensor tube based on the obtained train velocity. There are many relevant aerodynamic issues for highspeed trains hst, and. According to references, worldwide highspeed railway lines will reach 0. The shinkansen, japans highspeed rail, is full of miracles the ceremony held to mark the launch of the first tokaido shinkansen on october 1, 1964 left and the ceremony held in 2014 to celebrate the 50th anniversary right. Aerodynamics, high speed train, pantograph system, optimized panhead shape, wind tunnel experiment. Formation mechanism of aerodynamic drag of highspeed. Research article moving model test of highspeed train aerodynamic drag based on stagnation pressure measurements mingzhi yang1, juntao du1,2, zhiwei li1, sha huang1, dan zhou1 1 key laboratory of rail traffic safety central south university, ministry of education, changsha, hunan province, china, 2 crrc qingdao sifang co.
Since the environmental requirements for railway operations will become tighter in the future, it is necessary to understand the aerodynamic noise generation and radiation mechanism from highspeed trains by studying the flowinduced noise characteristics. Five major systems for a highspeed railway networkthe aerodynamics theoretical system, the aerodynamic shape train, tunnel, and so on design system, the aerodynamics evaluation system, the. The use of the concerned vehicles by a train company on a specific railway section is also subject to compliance with the guidelines 200449eg and 200114eg, modified by the guideline 200450e. This paper established the numerical calculation model for single train passing through the tunnel with the real configuration of a domestic emu with eight carriages. Stability evaluation on aerodynamics of high speed railway.
Issues associated with this speed include the aerodynamic effects on the safety and comfort of both passengers, people waiting on platforms, and track workers adjacent to such passing trains. In the context of modern, highspeed trains, this means mitigating the impact of aerodynamic drag on locomotives and rolling stock in order to save energy and fuel, while at the same time optimising operational efficiency and safety the latter primarily focusing on stability in. Aerodynamic force generated by strong crosswind can cause derailment and overturning of trains, which would seriously affect the safety operation of highspeed trains. Aerodynamic performance of a typical highspeed train wseas. Numerical simulations were carried out to investigate the air flow and pressure distributions beneath high speed trains, based on the threedimensional reynoldsaveraged navierstokes equations with the sst k.
With the speedup of train, many engineering problems which have been neglected at low train speeds, are being raised with regard to aerodynamic noise and vibrations, impulse forces occurring as two trains intersect each other, impulse wave at the exit of tunnel, ear discomfort of passengers inside train, etc. Aerodynamic characteristics of high speed train pantograph. Pdf stability evaluation on aerodynamics of high speed. With the most uptodate information on recent advances and the possibilities of improvement in railway facilities, this book will benefit railway engineers, train operators, train manufacturers, infrastructure managers and researchers of train aerodynamics. Aerodynamic simulation of the air flow beneath the high.
Looking at capacity for existing high speed routes, we can see published ranges of between 12 and 15 trains per hour. Static pressure impact on aerodynamics of high speed railway tunnels. For the purpose of development of a faster and more safe train system with lower air pollution and noise, many researchers are paying much attention on the aerodynamics of highspeed railway train. Aerodynamic design on china new highspeed trains springerlink. Moving model test of highspeed train aerodynamic drag.
Japan built a highspeed train in 1957, and now decades later the design has been improved to achieve the speed of 5 mph 217 kmh. With the rapid development of high speed train in china, chinese researchers paid more and more attention to high speed train aerodynamics. In the first instance, attention was paid to reducing the aerodynamic drag of trains, both to reduce fuel consumption and to enable higher speeds to be achieved. Fundamentals and applications is the first reference to provide a comprehensive overview of train aerodynamics with full scale data results. Great achievements of the highspeed train in beijing. When a train passes another train or an object as a noise barrier a pressure pulse is generated. Static pressure impact on aerodynamics of high speed.
For the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. A full length train, running at a given speed reference case in the open air shall not cause an exceedance of the maximum peaktopeak pressure changes. With the most uptodate information on recent advances and the possibilities of improvement in railway facilities, this book will benefit railway engineers, train operators, train. The trains involved are the hstprio and the faster thalystgv train. Compared with the traditional train, the operational speed of the highspeed train has largely improved, and the dynamic environment of the train has changed from one of mechanical domination to one of aerodynamic domination. The shinkansen, japans highspeed rail, is full of miracles. Focus on possibilities, not problems to solve current and future challenges facing the mobility sector. In this study, aerodynamic effects of a newly designed high speed train. Application of cfd to rail car and locomotive aerodynamics james c. Because of the operation of high speed trains and lightweight of the train, risks of train derailment have being increased. Review of research on highspeed railway aerodynamics in. Introduction the moving train shifts the air with it and deforms the movingthrough environment. At operating speeds over 250 kmh, aerodynamic drag represents the largest part of traction power consumption and other phenomena related to.
A cfd analysis of the aerodynamics of a highspeed train. Download citation aerodynamics of highspeed railway train railway train aerodynamic problems are closely associated with the flows occurring around train. Aerodynamic design on highspeed trains springerlink. Thus, the reduction of aerodynamic drag and energy consumption of highspeed train is one of the essential issues for the development of the desirable train system. Content introduction the basic theory of fluid dynamics the aerodynamics of isolated highspeed trains without crosswind the aerodynamics of highspeed trains with the influence of crosswind conclusion references 12012014 2 3. Numerical studies on aerodynamics of highspeed railway train subjecte. Aerodynamic performance of a typical highspeed train. Trains of great speeds, highspeed train, aerodynamic, boundary layer wind tunnel 1. Much effort to speed up the train system has to date been paid.
With the most uptodate information on recent advances and the possibilities of improvement in railway facilities, this book will benefit railway engineers, train operators, train manufacturers, infrastructure managers and researchers. Central japan railway company impressive safety record. Aerodynamic drag is proportional to the square of speed. Based on numerical analysis methods of threedimensional viscous incompressible aerodynamics equations, aerodynamic side forces and yawing moments acting on the highspeed train, with different depths and widths. With the increase of train speed, the interaction between train and air becomes very strong. The emphasis is on modern, highspeed trains, including magnetic levitation maglev trains. This socalled aerodynamic train model atm is bombardiers standard train geometry for the validation of numerical simulation methods and for the comparison of results obtained in different wind tunnels.
Strong cross winds may affect the running stability of high speed trains via the amplified aerodynamic forces and moments. Fullscale measurement and analysis of train slipstreams and wakes. The cutting depth, width and gradient of slope are important factors for design and construction of cutting. A high speed train hst has been rapidly developed all over the world. Railway train aerodynamic problems are closely associated with the flows occurring around train. Tian tian 2006 put forward that increasing the length of streamlined train head can effectively improve aerodynamic performance. Train aerodynamics problem must be solved with the development of highspeed railway around the world, and the drag directly affects the maximum running speed of highspeed train.
The train aerodynamic drag consists of pressure drag and viscous drag. These are of major limitation factors to the speedup of train system. Proceedings of the first international conference on railway technology. Numericalexperimental analysis of the slipstream produced by a. Aerodynamics of highspeed railway train researchgate. These works have attention to the development of newgeneration train body, rail and tunnel systems. A moving model test method based on stagnation pressure measurements is proposed to measure the train aerodynamic drag coefficient. In this study, simulations of turbulent cross wind flows over the leading and end car of ice2 high speed train have been performed at different yaw angles. The velaro novo is the train for everyone that wants a competitive edge in global highspeed and intercity transportation. A cfd analysis of the aerodynamics of a highspeed train passing through a windbreak transition under crosswind.
Watanabe 2 1central japan railway company, tokyo, japan, 2west japan railway company, osaka, japan abstract in march 2005, central japan railway company jr central has completed prototype. After an initial introduction and broad survey of train aerodynamic issues, and a discussion of measurement, modelling and computational techniques, the nature of the flow around trains is considered in the open air, with and without crosswinds, and in confined geometrical situations and tunnels. Some of the key differences are derived from the fact that trains operate near the ground or a track, have much greater lengthtodiameter ratios than other vehicles, pass. Much effort to speed up the train system has to date been paid on the improvement of electric motor power rather than understanding the flow around the train. Highspeed trains are being planned in the united states with operating speeds of up to 250 miles per hour mph.
In this dissertation, a numerical computation of the traintunnel system with scaled dimensions is carried out by using an. Since 1990, along with the development of chinas highspeed railway, systematic research has been carried out on highspeed railway aerodynamics. Aerodynamic drag on the traveling train is divided into. To effectively describe train characteristics each thermotun train model is composed of a locomotive. In very broad terms, railway aerodynamic effects increase in severity with the square of the speed of the train and historically came to become of concern as the speed of passenger trains increased beyond around 100kmh. Fullscale measurement and analysis of train slipstreams. Li,tian, andliu2011optimizedwindbreakswithholesfora highspeed railway and found that 30% transmittance. Moving model test of highspeed train aerodynamic drag based. Because the length towidth ratio of a train ranges from 50100, which is much larger than that of any other ground vehicle, the aerodynamic characteristics are more complex than those of cars, trucks or airplanes 11. Numerical studies on aerodynamics of highspeed railway. With the increase of the speed of train, aerodynamic drag plays an important role for highspeed train. Abstract railway train aerodynamic problems are closely associated with the flows occurring around train. Aerodynamic performance comparison of head shapes for high. Similarly, and in terms of maximum speed, the evolution of hsr has been very.
In the last three decades, a new trend of trains towards higher running speeds and light in weight has evolved in railway transportation. The aerodynamic problem has become the key technological challenge of highspeed trains and significantly affects the economy, environment. Although we are looking at high speed lines, these conditions apply to all railways, regardless of the top speed of the fastest train. Engineering applications of computational fluid mechanics. Aerodynamic characteristics analysis of highspeed train. Application of cfd to rail car and locomotive aerodynamics. For highspeed trains, aerodynamic noise becomes significant when their speeds exceed 300 kmh and can become predominant at higher speeds. Aerodynamic characteristics of high speed train under. The train geometry and aerodynamic characteristics are the same for all three hslzuid tunnels investigated. The simulation scenarios were of the high speed train, the crh2, running in the open air at four different speeds. Technological overview of the next generation shinkansen highspeed train series n700 m.
Velaro novo highspeed and intercity trains siemens. Understanding the phenomena of train aerodynamics global. Aerodynamic noise of highspeed train bogies eprints soton. Aerodynamic design of highspeed trains mainly aims at the drag, lift, moment. The technological breakthrough in railways aerodynamics goes back to the putting into service of the very high speed trains in the early eighties. After the war, highspeed trains became important once again, especially in countries where a lot of railway tracks were destroyed during the war.
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